**** Overgeneralization of tense and aspect in Gullah

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Joyner and Asante both write of Gullah Africanisms in verb tense, maintaining that African verb forms were seldom marked for tense, but rather for aspect (basically a marker for whether an action is a process or an event). Additionally, they both state that African time perceptions were different as a result. This conflates tense with time reference. Tense is a grammatical inflection of a verb stem. Time reference is when an action or state denoted by a verb took place. While the two often overlap, they are not the same, time reference being a cognitive process and tense being a grammatical structure. For example, the sentence "I have seen that movie three times this week" is in the present tense, even though the time reference is past.

• - Sea Islands Creole tense and aspect ......... <[LINK]>
• - A methodological problem of texts and tense. <[LINK]>

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Joyner, 200; Asante, 19-33;