___Creolization and convergence_________________________________

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ UP: <[LINK]>

-- Perhaps Gumperz's most cited work is his and Robert Wilson's

study of language contact and convergence in Kupwar village

in southern India. <[LINK]>

-- Adopting a synchronic analysis, the authors state that

"there seems to be no reason ... to draw an _a priori_

distinction among pidginization, creolization and other

diffusion processes."{<[LINK]> <[LINK]>

-- Their findings are partly contingent upon a definition of

creolization that requires a pidgin as its starting point.

{<[LINK]> 271} <[LINK]>

-- They also assert that in Kupwar village, home languages are

"re-syntactified" for public use rather than re-lexified, as

many creolization models would predict. <[LINK]>

-- However, their approach cannot discern which of the two

processes is operant without the introduction of historical

evidence and a concept of language independent of its

speakers. <[LINK]>