___Creolization and convergence_________________________________
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ UP: <[LINK]>
-- Perhaps Gumperz's most cited work is his and Robert Wilson's
study of language contact and convergence in Kupwar village
in southern India. <[LINK]>
-- Adopting a synchronic analysis, the authors state that
"there seems to be no reason ... to draw an _a priori_
distinction among pidginization, creolization and other
diffusion processes."{<[LINK]> <[LINK]>
-- Their findings are partly contingent upon a definition of
creolization that requires a pidgin as its starting point.
-- They also assert that in Kupwar village, home languages are
"re-syntactified" for public use rather than re-lexified, as
many creolization models would predict. <[LINK]>
-- However, their approach cannot discern which of the two
processes is operant without the introduction of historical
evidence and a concept of language independent of its
speakers. <[LINK]>